Umhlaba Oqandisiwe - Umhlaba Omhlophe

01 Umbala Wokuphila Iplanethi

Ngokwanda kwamasathelayithi noma iziteshi zasemkhathini ezindiza emkhathini, izithombe eziningi zoMhlaba zithunyelwa emuva.Sivame ukuzichaza njengeplanethi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngoba u-70% wendawo yoMhlaba umbozwe izilwandle.Njengoba uMhlaba ufudumala, izinga lokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa eNyakatho neSouth Poles liyakhula, futhi amazinga olwandle azoqhubeka ekhuphuka, agugule umhlaba okhona.Esikhathini esizayo, indawo yolwandle izoba nkulu, futhi isimo sezulu soMhlaba sizoba nzima nakakhulu.Kulo nyaka kushisa kakhulu, ngonyaka ozayo kubanda kakhulu, unyaka owandulela owedlule womile kakhulu, futhi unyaka ongemva kwemvula elandelayo uyinhlekelele.Sonke sithi umhlaba cishe awufaneleki ukuba kuhlalwe kuwo, kodwa eqinisweni, lokhu kuwushintsho oluncane nje oluvamile lomhlaba.Ebusweni bemithetho enamandla namandla emvelo, abantu abalutho.

Ngokwanda kwamasathelayithi noma iziteshi zasemkhathini ezindiza emkhathini, izithombe eziningi zoMhlaba zithunyelwa emuva.Sivame ukuzichaza njengeplanethi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngoba u-70% wendawo yoMhlaba umbozwe izilwandle.Njengoba uMhlaba ufudumala, izinga lokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa eNyakatho neSouth Poles liyakhula, futhi amazinga olwandle azoqhubeka ekhuphuka, agugule umhlaba okhona.Esikhathini esizayo, indawo yolwandle izoba nkulu, futhi isimo sezulu soMhlaba sizoba nzima nakakhulu.Kulo nyaka kushisa kakhulu, ngonyaka ozayo kubanda kakhulu, unyaka owandulela owedlule womile kakhulu, futhi unyaka ongemva kwemvula elandelayo uyinhlekelele.Sonke sithi umhlaba cishe awufaneleki ukuba kuhlalwe kuwo, kodwa eqinisweni, lokhu kuwushintsho oluncane nje oluvamile lomhlaba.Ebusweni bemithetho enamandla namandla emvelo, abantu abalutho.

Ngo-1992, uJoseph Kirschvink, uprofesa wesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba e-California Institute of Technology, waqala wasebenzisa igama elithi “Snowball Earth”, kamuva elasekelwa futhi lathuthukiswa izazi ezinkulu zokuma komhlaba.I-Snowball Earth iwumbono ongenakunqunywa ngokugcwele okwamanje, osetshenziselwa ukuchaza iminyaka yeqhwa enkulu kunazo zonke futhi enzima kakhulu emlandweni woMhlaba.Isimo sezulu soMhlaba sasiyinkimbinkimbi ngokwedlulele, sinesilinganiso sokushisa emhlabeni wonke esingama-degrees Celsius angu-40-50, kuze kufike lapho uMhlaba wawubanda kakhulu kangangokuthi indawo engaphezulu yayineqhwa kuphela.

02 Ikhava Yeqhwa Lomhlaba Webhola Leqhwa

I-Snowball Earth cishe yenzeka ku-Neoproterozoic (cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1-6 edlule), okuyingxenye yenkathi ye-Proterozoic ye-Precambrian.Umlando woMhlaba udala kakhulu futhi mude.Ngaphambili kwakuthiwe izigidi zeminyaka zomlando wesintu ziwukucwayiza nje kweso loMhlaba.Sivame ukucabanga ukuthi uMhlaba wamanje ukhethekile kakhulu ngaphansi kokuguqulwa komuntu, kodwa empeleni, awulutho emlandweni woMhlaba nokuphila.Inkathi ye-Mesozoic, Archean, kanye ne-Proterozoic (eyaziwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi i-Cryptozoic eras, ethatha cishe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4 yeminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.6), kanye nesikhathi se-Ediacaran enkathini ye-Neoproterozoic yenkathi ye-Proterozoic isikhathi esikhethekile sempilo eMhlabeni.

Ngesikhathi se-Snowball Earth, umhlabathi wawumbozwe ngokuphelele yiqhwa neqhwa, kungekho lwandle namhlaba.Ekuqaleni kwalesi sikhathi, kwakukhona ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yomhlaba ebizwa ngokuthi i-supercontinent (Rodinia) eduze nenkabazwe, futhi yonke indawo yayiyizilwandle.Lapho uMhlaba usesimweni esisebenzayo, izintaba-mlilo ziyaqhubeka nokuqhuma, amadwala amaningi neziqhingi zivela phezu kolwandle, futhi indawo yezwe iyaqhubeka nokukhula.I-carbon dioxide ekhishwa yizintaba-mlilo imboza uMhlaba, yenza umphumela wokushisa.Izinguzunga zamaqhwa, njengamanje, zigxile enyakatho naseningizimu yoMhlaba, azikwazi ukumboza indawo eseduze nenkabazwe.Njengoba umsebenzi woMhlaba uzinza, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo nakho kuqala ukuncipha, futhi inani le-carbon dioxide emoyeni nalo liqala ukuncipha.Isici esibalulekile sokumunca isikhutha isimo sezulu samadwala.Ngokwesigaba sokubunjwa kwamaminerali, amadwala ahlukaniswe ikakhulukazi amadwala e-silicate namadwala e-carbonate.Amatshe e-silicate amunca i-CO2 yasemkhathini ngesikhathi sesimo sezulu samakhemikhali, abese egcina i-CO2 isesimweni se-CaCO3, enze isikali se-geological time scale carbon sink effect (>1 million years).I-carbonate rock weathering ingaphinda imunce i-CO2 emkhathini, yenze usinki wekhabhoni esikalini esifushane (

Lena inqubo yokulingana eguquguqukayo.Lapho inani le-carbon dioxide elimuncwa isimo sezulu samadwala lidlula inani lokukhishwa kwentaba-mlilo, ukugcwala kwe-carbon dioxide emkhathini kuqala ukuncipha ngokushesha, kuze kube yilapho amagesi abamba ukushisa aqedwa ngokuphelele futhi amazinga okushisa aqale ukwehla.Izinguzunga zamaqhwa ezigxotsheni ezimbili zomhlaba ziqala ukusabalala ngokukhululeka.Njengoba indawo yezinguzunga zeqhwa ikhula, ziyanda izindawo ezimhlophe phezu komhlaba, futhi ukukhanya kwelanga kubuyiselwa emkhathini nguMhlaba oneqhwa, Okwenza kube nzima ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa futhi kusheshise ukwakheka kwezinguzunga zeqhwa.Inani lezinguzunga zeqhwa ezipholisa liyanda - ukukhanya kwelanga okwengeziwe kubonisa - ukupholisa okuqhubekayo - izinguzunga zeqhwa ezimhlophe.Kulo mjikelezo, izinguzunga zeqhwa kuzo zombili izigxobo ziba yiqhwa kancane kancane zonke izilwandle, ekugcineni ziphulukise emazwenikazi aseduze nenkabazwe, futhi ekugcineni zenze ungqimba lweqhwa olukhulu olunogqinsi olungaphezu kwamamitha angu-3000, lugoqe uMhlaba ube yibhola leqhwa neqhwa. .Ngalesi sikhathi, umphumela wokuphakamisa umhwamuko wamanzi eMhlabeni wancipha kakhulu, futhi umoya wawuwome ngendlela emangalisayo.Ukukhanya kwelanga kwakhanya eMhlabeni ngaphandle kokwesaba, kwase kuboniswa emuva.Ukuqina kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet kanye nezinga lokushisa elibandayo kwenza ukuba kungenzeki ukuba kube khona ukuphila emhlabeni.Ososayensi babiza Umhlaba ezigidini zeminyaka ngokuthi' White Earth 'noma' Snowball Earth '

03 Ukuncibilika Komhlaba Webhola Leqhwa

Ngenyanga edlule, lapho ngikhuluma nabangane bami ngoMhlaba phakathi nalesi sikhathi, othile wangibuza, 'Ngokwalo mjikelezo, Umhlaba kufanele uhlale uqhwa.Lancibilika kanjani kamuva?'Lona umthetho omkhulu wemvelo namandla okuzilungisa.

Njengoba uMhlaba umbozwe ngokuphelele yiqhwa kuze kufike kumamitha angu-3000 ubukhulu, amadwala nomoya kuyahlukaniswa, futhi amadwala awakwazi ukumunca i-carbon dioxide ngokusebenzisa isimo sezulu.Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza koMhlaba ngokwawo kusengaholela ekuqhumeni kwentaba-mlilo, kukhiphe kancane kancane i-carbon dioxide emkhathini.Ngokwezibalo zososayensi, uma sifuna ukuba iqhwa eliseMhlabeni we-Snowball lincibilike, ukugcwala kwe-carbon dioxide kufanele kube izikhathi ezingaba ngu-350 kunezikhona eMhlabeni, okuhlanganisa ngaphezu kuka-13% wawo wonke umkhathi (manje u-0.03%), futhi le nqubo yokwanda ihamba kancane kakhulu.Kuthathe cishe iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-30 ukuthi umkhathi woMhlaba uqongelele i-carbon dioxide ne-methane eyanele, okwenza umphumela onamandla we-greenhouse.Izinguzunga zeqhwa zaqala ukuncibilika, futhi amazwekazi aseduze nenkabazwe aqala ukuveza iqhwa.Umhlaba oveziwe wawumnyama ngombala kuneqhwa, udonsa ukushisa kwelanga okwengeziwe futhi uqalise impendulo eyakhayo.Izinga lokushisa eMhlabeni laqhubeka likhuphuka, izinguzunga zeqhwa zaqhubeka zehla, zikhombisa ukukhanya kwelanga okuncane, futhi ziveza amadwala amaningi, Ukumunca ukushisa okwengeziwe, kancane kancane kwakha imifula engabandisi… futhi umhlaba uqala ukusimama!

Ngenyanga edlule, lapho ngikhuluma nabangane bami ngoMhlaba phakathi nalesi sikhathi, othile wangibuza, 'Ngokwalo mjikelezo, Umhlaba kufanele uhlale uqhwa.Lancibilika kanjani kamuva?'Lona umthetho omkhulu wemvelo namandla okuzilungisa.

Njengoba uMhlaba umbozwe ngokuphelele yiqhwa kuze kufike kumamitha angu-3000 ubukhulu, amadwala nomoya kuyahlukaniswa, futhi amadwala awakwazi ukumunca i-carbon dioxide ngokusebenzisa isimo sezulu.Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza koMhlaba ngokwawo kusengaholela ekuqhumeni kwentaba-mlilo, kukhiphe kancane kancane i-carbon dioxide emkhathini.Ngokwezibalo zososayensi, uma sifuna ukuba iqhwa eliseMhlabeni we-Snowball lincibilike, ukugcwala kwe-carbon dioxide kufanele kube izikhathi ezingaba ngu-350 kunezikhona eMhlabeni, okuhlanganisa ngaphezu kuka-13% wawo wonke umkhathi (manje u-0.03%), futhi le nqubo yokwanda ihamba kancane kakhulu.Kuthathe cishe iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-30 ukuthi umkhathi woMhlaba uqongelele i-carbon dioxide ne-methane eyanele, okwenza umphumela onamandla we-greenhouse.Izinguzunga zeqhwa zaqala ukuncibilika, futhi amazwekazi aseduze nenkabazwe aqala ukuveza iqhwa.Umhlaba oveziwe wawumnyama ngombala kuneqhwa, udonsa ukushisa kwelanga okwengeziwe futhi uqalise impendulo eyakhayo.Izinga lokushisa eMhlabeni laqhubeka likhuphuka, izinguzunga zeqhwa zaqhubeka zehla, zikhombisa ukukhanya kwelanga okuncane, futhi ziveza amadwala amaningi, Ukumunca ukushisa okwengeziwe, kancane kancane kwakha imifula engabandisi… futhi umhlaba uqala ukusimama!

Ubunkimbinkimbi bemithetho yemvelo kanye ne-ecology yoMhlaba kudlula kude ukuqonda kwethu nokucabanga kwethu komuntu.Ukwanda kwe-CO2 emkhathini kuholela ekufudumaleni komhlaba, futhi amazinga okushisa aphezulu athuthukisa isimo sezulu samakhemikhali emadwaleni.Inani le-CO2 elimuncwe emkhathini nalo liyakhula, ngaleyo ndlela licindezele ukukhula okusheshayo kwe-CO2 yomoya futhi kuholele ekupholiseni komhlaba wonke, kwakheka indlela yokuphendula engemihle.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho izinga lokushisa loMhlaba liphansi, ukushuba kwesimo sezulu kwamakhemikhali nakho kusezingeni eliphansi, futhi ukugeleza kokumunca i-CO2 yasemkhathini kulinganiselwe kakhulu.Ngenxa yalokho, i-CO2 ekhishwa imisebenzi yentaba-mlilo kanye ne-rock metamorphism inganqwabelana, ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa koMhlaba ekufudumaleni futhi kuvimbele izinga lokushisa loMhlaba ukuba lingabi phansi kakhulu.

Lolu shintsho, oluvame ukukalwa ngezigidigidi zeminyaka, aluyona into abantu abangayilawula.Njengamalungu ajwayelekile emvelo, okufanele sikwenze kakhulu ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo futhi sihambisane nemithetho yayo, kunokuba siguqule noma sicekele phansi imvelo.Ukuvikela imvelo kanye nothando lokuphila yilokho okufanele wonke umuntu akwenze, ngaphandle kwalokho sizobhekana nokushabalala.