PAET ONE

Inja enekhala elifushane

Ngiyaye ngizwe abangani bethi izinja ezibukeka njengezinja zikhuluma okwezinja zolimi. Usho ukuthini? U-90% wezinja esizibonayo zinamakhala amade, okuwumphumela wokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Izinja ziye zashintsha amakhala amade ukuze zibe nomuzwa ongcono wokuhogela futhi zamukele amaseli anuka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhala elide lifaneleka kakhulu ukugijima, ukuxosha nokuzingela. Uma umgodi wekhala uba mude futhi mkhulu, kulapho umoya ungahogela khona futhi nokushisa okwengeziwe kungaphuma.

Njengoba izinja ezinekhala ezinde ziwumphumela wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, yiziphi izinja ezinamakhala amafushane? Zonke izinja ezinamakhala amafushane ziwumphumela wokuzalanisa okuzenzela. Inhloso kuphela ukubukeka kahle futhi muhle. Izwe lethu yizwe elikhulu lokutshala izinja ezinamakhala amafushane. Mhlawumbe ingcebo namandla omphakathi wasendulo, ngakho siyizwe lokuqala ukuhlakulela izinja ezifuywayo. Inja yaseBeijing edume kakhulu (Jingba), Bago kanye noXishi zonke izinja zamathoyizi ezidume kakhulu. Zibonakala ngemilenze emine emifushane, ikhala elifushane, ubuso obuyindilinga namehlo amakhulu, nokubukeka okuhle kwengane. Isibonelo, izinja zaseBeijing zaziyizinja ezazihambisana namakhosikazi asebukhosini kanye nezancinza esigodlweni sasehlobo. Izidingo zokutshala ukuthi akufanele babe nomsebenzi omningi, bagijime kakhulu, babe lula ukubamba, futhi babe thandeka futhi bafudumale Abathambile, noma indawo yeqembu labesifazane elijaha inja izoba namahloni kakhulu.

I-PAET YESIBILI

Isifo senhliziyo

Lezi zinja ezimfishane ezinekhala ezweni lakithi zakhuliswa isikhathi eside. Eqinisweni, ziningi izifo ezimbalwa kunezinye izinja, kodwa ezinye izifo zigqama kakhulu. Izifo zabo ikakhulukazi izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kanye nezifo zokuphefumula, futhi imbangela eyinhloko ikhala elifushane.

Abangane abakhulise izinja ze-Peking nama-pugs bayazi ukuthi isifo senhliziyo asikwazi ukudlula. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, baphila impilo ende. Kuvamile ukubakhulisa ngokwesayensi futhi banakekele ngokucophelela. Kuvamile ukuphila iminyaka engu-16-18 ubudala, futhi isifo senhliziyo sivamile kuzo zonke izinja zalolu hlobo. Iningi labo livela kufuzo, bese kancane kancane libonisa izimpawu ezihlukahlukene ngokukhula empilweni. Iminyaka yobudala evamile imayelana neminyaka engu-8-13 ubudala. Kubonakaliswa ukungasebenzi, ukuphefumula komlomo ovulekile, ukukhathala kalula, ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla, ukukhwehlela kanye nokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ehlobo.

Mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi lezi zinja zamathoyizi azizithandi izinto ezenziwa ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile, ngakho-ke lezi zimpawu kulula kakhulu ukuzifihla. Ngakho-ke, lapho abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo bethola, bavame ukuba nezifo ezimbi futhi babe nobunzima bokuphefumula ngaphambi kokuba baye esibhedlela ukuze bahlolwe. Ngokuvamile, izinto zokuhlola zihlanganisa i-X-ray ukuze kutholwe ubukhulu nesilinganiso senhliziyo, izibhedlela ezinemishini ye-ultrasound yenhliziyo kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhle bodokotela bungakwazi ukunquma ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, ukuvalwa kwe-mitral kanye ne-tricuspid valve kanye ne-reflux, ukushuba kwenhliziyo, njll. izibhedlela ezimbalwa zine-ECG, engahlulela ngokunembile isimo esibucayi. Kodwa-ke, bonke abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo kufanele bathole idatha yokuqala kanye nefomu lokuxilongwa eliphrintiwe, bakhiphe isithombe sokuqala se-X-ray futhi basigcine kumakhalekhukhwini. U-Xinchao uphrinta umbiko ka-Xinchao futhi uwugcine ekhaya. Idatha yezibhedlela eziningi ingagcinwa kuphela izinyanga ezingu-1-2. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke ukwazi ukuyithola kamuva uma ufuna ukuqhathanisa ukutakula.

Ukuxilongwa kweIsifo senhliziyookwezinjainto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukwahlulela okungalungile kungase kuholele ekufeni kwenja. Isibonelo, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kwabangelwa ekuqaleni. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokunciphisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwaholela ekuhlulekeni okukhulu kwenhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, asincomi ngokunganaki izidakamizwa zezifo zenhliziyo, kodwa ngokuvamile, ngaphezu kwezidakamizwa zenhliziyo ezihlosiwe, sizosebenzisa nezidakamizwa ezithile ze-antihypertensive kanye nezidakamizwa ukuze sivule i-trachea ne-bronchus ukusiza ukuphefumula.

PAET EZINTATHU

Izifo zokuphefumula

Ngaphandle kwesifo senhliziyo esivamile, izifo zokuphefumula nazo ziyizinkinga ezingenakugwemeka ezinja ezimfishane ezinekhala. Esinye isitho sekhala, umphimbo, uqhoqhoqho, i-bronchus namaphaphu ngokuvamile siyagula, kanti ezinye zizongenwa igciwane ngokulandelana. Inhliziyo namaphaphu kuvame ukuhlanganiswa. Uma kunenkinga yenhliziyo, kuvame ukuholela edema ye-pulmonary, i-pleural effusion kanye nokunye ukubonakaliswa kwezifo, okuzothinta kakhulu ukuphefumula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinja eziningi ezinamakhala amafushane zizalwa zinenhliziyo embi, kodwa zingase zingaguli, kodwa uma kunezifo emaphashini nasemgudwini wokuphefumula, zivame ukubangela izifo zenhliziyo.

Izifo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zesistimu yokuphefumula ezinjeni ezimfishane ezinekhala ziyimvelo "ulwanga olude oluthambile" kanye ne-tracheobronchia. Uma ulwanga oluthambile lude kakhulu, luzocindezela i-epiglottic cartilage, kwenze kube nzima ukungena nokuphuma emoyeni, njengomnyango ohlale uvulekile futhi ongavuleki ngokugcwele. Ngale ndlela, lapho idinga ukujikeleza komoya okuningi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca noma ukushisa, izothinteka kakhulu, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukugeleza, ngisho ne-dyspnea kanye nesiyezi. Eqinisweni, ngokuvamile kubonakala eqinisweni lokuthi izinja ezimfishane ezinekhala zivame ukushaywa ukushisa ngemva kwemisebenzi nalapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu ehlobo. Uma kwenzeka ukuphefumula, ngenxa ye-hypoxia, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuzosheshisa kakhulu futhi kubangele ukuvela kwesifo senhliziyo.

Abanye abantu bathi uma ikhala lide, amathuba okuba nezifo zokuphefumula ayancipha, okuyinto enengqondo. Ikhala ligcwele uboya bekhala kanye nemithambo yegazi, enesibopho sokugcina izinga lokushisa lomoya. Uma isimo sezulu sibanda, shisa umoya obandayo futhi upholise umoya lapho kushisa, ukuze ugweme ukushukunyiswa komoya ngqo emphinjeni kanye noqhoqhoqho. Ngokufanayo, izinwele zekhala nazo zidlala indima ekuhlungeni uthuli namagciwane. Akuyona nje isithiyo sokuqala sokumelana nomuntu, kodwa futhi imaski yemvelo. Izinja zethu ezinhle ezinamakhala amafushane zinekhala elifushane. Le misebenzi ibuthakathaka ngokwemvelo. Bavame ukubangela izifo zokuphefumula ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu noma ukuthintana nento engaphandle. I-tracheitis ne-bronchitis yizifo zabo ezivamile. Khona-ke bangase babe ne-tracheal stenosis, i-dyspnea, i-hypoxia… Futhi bajikeleze futhi bathinte inhliziyo.

Sekukonke, izinja eziningi ezinamakhala amafushane ziyizinja eziphila isikhathi eside. Ngaphandle kwezinja ezinkulu ezinjenge-yingdou, iningi lazo lingafinyelela eminyakeni engu-16. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe sizidalele izinga lokushisa elizinzile ezikhathini ezishisayo nezibandayo unyaka wonke, sinciphise izenzo zobudlova nesasasa, futhi sinciphise uthuli nezindawo ezingcolile. . Ngikholwa ukuthi bazokuphelezela empilweni ejabulisayo.