1.Muva nje, abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo bavame ukuza bazobuza ukuthi ingabe amakati nezinja asebekhulile zisadinga ukugonywa ngesikhathi esifanele minyaka yonke? Okokuqala, siyizibhedlela zezilwane eziku-inthanethi, ezisebenzela abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo ezweni lonke. Ukugoma kujovwa ezibhedlela zomthetho zendawo, okungahlangene nathi. Ngakho-ke ngeke senze imali ngokugoma noma ngaphandle kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoJanuwari 3, umnikazi wesilwane esifuywayo oneminyaka engu-6 wenja enkulu usanda kuxoxwa naye. Akazange aphinde awuthole umgomo ngenxa yalolu bhubhane cishe izinyanga eziyishumi. Waya esibhedlela ukuyolashelwa ukuhlukumezeka ezinsukwini ezingu-20 ezedlule, wabe esetheleleka. Usanda kutholakala ukuthi une-nervous canine distemper, futhi impilo yakhe yayisemgqeni. Umnikazi wesilwane manje wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze alulame ekwelashweni. Ekuqaleni, akekho owayecabanga ukuthi kungaba i-canine distemper. Kwacatshangwa ukuthi i-hypoglycemic convulsion. Ubani ongacabanga.

Okokuqala, kufanele kucace ukuthi okwamanje, zonke izinhlangano zezokwelapha zezilwane ezivamile zikholelwa ukuthi "imithi yokugoma kufanele inikezwe ngendlela enengqondo nangesikhathi esifanele ukugwema ukugoma ngokweqile". Ngicabanga ukuthi umbuzo wokuthi ingabe izilwane ezifuywayo ezindala zidinga ukugonywa ngesikhathi yini akuyona into ekhathazayo nengxoxo yabanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo e-China. Yasuka ekwesabeni nasekukhathazekeni kwemithi yokugoma yabantu eYurophu nase-United States, yase ithuthukiswa yaba izilwane ezifuywayo. Embonini yezilwane yaseYurophu naseMelika, igama elikhethekile lalokhu “umuthi wokugoma wokungabaza”.

Ngokuthuthuka kwe-inthanethi, wonke umuntu angakhuluma ngokukhululeka ku-inthanethi, ngakho-ke inani elikhulu lamaphuzu olwazi angaqondakali liye landiswa ngokungenamkhawulo. Mayelana nenkinga yokugoma, ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu ye-COVID-19, wonke umuntu wazi kahle ukuthi iphansi kangakanani ikhwalithi yabantu base-Europe naseMelika, noma ngabe iyingozi ngempela noma cha, ngamafuphi, ukungathembani kugxilile ezingqondweni zabantu abaningi, ukuze iNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba wonke izoklelisa “Ukungabaza Ngomgomo” njengosongo lokuqala emhlabeni ngo-2019. Ngemva kwalokho, i-World Veterinary Association yabhala indikimba ye-2019 International Pet Knowledge and Veterinary Day ngokuthi “inani lokugoma”.

Ngikholwa ukuthi wonke umuntu uzofuna ukwazi ukuthi kuyadingeka ngempela yini ukugoma umgomo ngesikhathi, noma ngabe isilwane esifuywayo sesindala, noma kuzoba khona amasosha omzimba aphikelelayo yini ngemva kokugonywa kaningana?

2.Ngenxa yokuthi azikho izinqubomgomo ezifanele, izimiso kanye nocwaningo e-China, zonke izinkomba zami zivela ezinhlanganweni ezimbili zezilwane ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-150 ubudala, i-American Veterinary Association AVMA kanye ne-International Veterinary Association WVA. Izinhlangano zezokwelapha zezilwane ezisemthethweni emhlabeni jikelele zizoncoma ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo zigonywe njalo nangenani elifanele.

E-United States, imithetho yezwe ibeka ukuthi abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo kufanele bagomele izilwane zabo ezifuywayo kumarabi ngesikhathi, kodwa bangaziphoqeleli ukuthi zigome eminye imithi yokugoma (efana nemithi yokugoma ephindwe kane nakane). Lapha kufanele sikucacise ukuthi i-United States isimemezele ukuqedwa ngokuphelele kwawo wonke amagciwane ezilwane ezifuywayo, ngakho inhloso yokugomela amarabi ukunciphisa amathuba okuba kube nezimo eziphuthumayo.

NgoJanuwari 2016, i-World Small Animal Veterinary Association yakhipha "Iziqondiso Zokugoma Izinja namakati Emhlabeni", eyayibala umuthi wokugomela izinja ohlanganisa "umuthi wokugomela igciwane le-canine distemper, umuthi wokugomela i-canine adenovirus kanye nomuthi wokugoma we-parvovirus wohlobo 2 oluhlukile", kanye nomuthi wokugomela amakati ohlanganisa “umuthi wokugomela i-cat parvovirus, umuthi wokugomela i-calicivirus wekati, nomgomo we-herpesvirus wekati”. Kamuva, i-American Association of Animal Hospitals ibuyekeze okuqukethwe kwayo kabili ku-2017/2018, Inguqulo yakamuva ye-2022 ithi "zonke izinja kufanele zigonywe ngemigomo elandelayo eyinhloko, ngaphandle uma zingakwazi ukugonywa ngenxa yesifo, i-canine distemper / adenovirus / parvovirus /parainfluenza/marabi”. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphakanyiswa ngokukhethekile emiyalweni yokuthi lapho umgomo ungase uphelelwe yisikhathi noma ungaziwa, umthetho ongcono kakhulu wokuthi “uma ungabaza, sicela ugome”. Kungabonakala ukuthi ukubaluleka komgomo wesilwane esifuywayo kumphumela omuhle kuphezulu kakhulu kunokungabaza okukhona kunethiwekhi.

3.Ngo-2020, i-Journal of the American Veterinary Association yethula futhi yaqeqesha ngokukhethekile bonke odokotela bezilwane, igxile kokuthi “Indlela Ochwepheshe Bezilwane Ababhekana Ngayo Nenselele Yokugoma”. I-athikili ihlinzeke kakhulu ngeminye imibono nezindlela zezingxoxo, ichaza futhi iphromothelwe amakhasimende akholelwa ukuthi imithi yokugoma iyingozi esifuyweni sawo. Isiqalo sabo bobabili abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nodokotela bezilwane ezifuywayo kungenxa yempilo yezilwane ezifuywayo, kodwa abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo banaka kakhulu ezinye izifo ezingaziwa ezingase zibe khona, kuyilapho odokotela benaka kakhulu izifo ezithathelwanayo ezingase zibhekane ngqo nanoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Ngixoxe ngodaba lwemithi yokugoma nabanikazi abaningi bezilwane ezifuywayo ekhaya naphesheya, futhi ngithole into ejabulisa kakhulu. Abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo eYurophu nase-United States bakhathazeke kakhulu “ngokucindezeleka” okubangelwa ukugonywa kwezilwane ezifuywayo, kuyilapho abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo e-China bekhathazekile “ngomdlavuza” obangelwa ukugonywa kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Lokhu kukhathazeka kuvela kwamanye amawebhusayithi athi angokwemvelo noma anempilo, lapho axwayisa khona ngengozi yokugoma ngokweqile amakati nezinja. Kepha ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi kangaka yokubuyela emuva emthonjeni wesitatimende, ayikho iwebhusayithi echaze incazelo yokugoma ngokweqile. Umjovo owodwa ngonyaka? Imijovo emibili ngonyaka? Noma umjovo njalo ngemva kweminyaka emithathu?

Lawa mawebhusayithi aphinde axwayise ngobungozi besikhathi eside obungaba khona bokugonywa ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi amathuba okuba nezifo zamasosha omzimba kanye nomdlavuza. Kodwa kuze kube manje, asikho isikhungo noma umuntu onikeze noma yiziphi izibalo ngenani lezigameko zezifo nomdlavuza ezihlobene nokugonywa ngokweqile okusekelwe ekuhlolweni noma ekuhlolweni kwezibalo, futhi akekho oke wanikeza noma iyiphi idatha ukufakazela ubudlelwano obuyimbangela phakathi kokugonywa okungaphezu kokugoma kanye nezifo ezihlukahlukene ezingamahlalakhona. Nokho, umonakalo obangelwe yila mazwi ezilwaneni ezifuywayo uye waba sobala. Ngokombiko we-UK Animal Welfare Report, izinga lokugonywa kokuqala kwamakati, izinja nonogwaja e-UK ngesikhathi besakhula lalingama-84% ngo-2016, futhi lehla laya ku-66% ngo-2019. Nokho, kuhlanganisa nokuthi ingcindezi eyeqile ebangelwa umnotho ompofu e-UK wabangela abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo ukuba bangabi nayo imali yokugoma.

Abanye odokotela basekhaya noma abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo bangase bafunde amaphepha ejenali yezilwane zakwamanye amazwe ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile, kodwa kungase kube ngenxa yokufunda okungaphelele noma ukuvinjelwa izinga lesiNgisi, ngakho banokuqonda okungalungile. Bacabanga ukuthi umgomo uzokhiqiza amasosha omzimba ngemva kwezikhathi ezimbalwa, ngakho akudingeki ukuthi bagome njalo ngonyaka. Iqiniso liwukuthi, ngokwe-American Veterinary Association, akudingekile ukuthi imigomo eminingi iphinde igonywe njalo ngonyaka. Igama eliyinhloko lapha lithi "iningi". Njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, i-World Small Animal Veterinary Association ihlukanisa imithi yokugoma ibe yimigomo ewumgogodla kanye nemigomo engeyona eyomgogodla. Imithi yokugoma ewumongo iyanconywa ukuthi igonywe ngokwezidingo, kuyilapho imigomo engeyona eyomgogodla inqunywa ngokukhululekile abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo. Imbalwa imigomo yezilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo ezifuywayo, ngakho-ke abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi ithini imigomo engeyona eyomgogodla, njenge-leptospira, isifo seLyme, umkhuhlane we-canine, njll.

Le mithi yokugoma inesikhathi sokuzivikela komzimba, kodwa ikati nenja ngayinye inesikhathi somphumela ohlukile ngenxa yemithethosisekelo ehlukene. Uma izinja ezimbili emndenini wakho zigonyiwe ngosuku olulodwa, enye ingase ingabi nawo amasosha omzimba ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-13, kanti enye ingathola amasosha omzimba asebenzayo ngemva kweminyaka engu-3, ​​okuwumehluko ngamunye. Umgomo ungaqinisekisa ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yimuphi umuntu ogonywe ngendlela efanele, i-antibody ingaqinisekiswa okungenani izinyanga eziyi-12. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-12, i-antibody ingase inganele noma ize inyamalale noma nini. Okusho ukuthi, uma ufuna ikati nenja ekhaya kube namasosha omzimba nganoma isiphi isikhathi futhi ungafuni ukugonywa nge-booster antibody phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-12, udinga ukuhlola ukuthi ingabe i-antibody iba khona njalo, isibonelo, kanye ngesonto noma nyanga zonke, Ama-antibodies awehli kancane kancane kodwa angase ehle ngokushesha. Kungenzeka ukuthi i-antibody ihlangabezane nezinga enyangeni eyodwa edlule, futhi izobe ingenele inyanga eyodwa kamuva. Esihlokweni ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, sikhulume ngokuqondile ngokuthi izinja ezimbili ezifuywayo zangenwa kanjani amarabi, ayingozi nakakhulu ezifuyweni ngaphandle kokuvikela amasosha omzimba.

Sigcizelela kakhulu ukuthi yonke imithi yokugoma ewumongo ayisho ukuthi kuzoba khona amasosha omzimba esikhathi eside ngemva kwemijovo embalwa, futhi asikho isidingo sokuwagoma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abukho ubufakazi bezibalo, bephepha noma bokuhlola obufakazela ukuthi ukugoma okufika ngesikhathi nangesikhathi kwemithi yokugoma edingekayo kuzoholela emdlavuzeni noma ekucindezelekeni. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkinga ezingaba khona ezibangelwa imithi yokugoma, imikhuba emibi yokuphila kanye nemikhuba yokudla engavumelani nesayensi kuzoletha izifo ezimbi kakhulu ezilwaneni ezifuywayo.