Njengamanje, izifo eziyinhloko ezithinta ukusebenza kwezempilo nokukhiqiza kwezinkukhu zokubeka i-MS, AE, IC, ILT, IB, H9, njll. Kodwa mayelana nokulahlekelwa kwezomnotho kwepulazi, i-IB kufanele ibe yindawo yokuqala. Ikakhulukazi, izinkukhu kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni 2017 zatheleleka kakhulu nge-IB.

1. Funda ngezimbangela zesifo

Wonke umuntu ujwayelene nesifo se-IB. I-IBV iyigciwane le-serotype eminingi. Umzila oyinhloko wokutheleleka yisimiso sokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi esithinta isimiso sokuphefumula, isimiso sokuzala, isimiso somchamo, njll. Njengamanje, uhlobo lwe-QX luwuhlobo oluyinhloko lwesifo esiwubhubhane. Siphinde sisebenzisa inhlobonhlobo yemithi yokugoma e-China, okuhlanganisa nemithi yokugoma ephilayo nengacushiwe. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu uhlobo mass: Ma5, H120, 28 / 86, H52, W93; 4/91 uhlobo: 4/91; Ldt3 / 03: ldt3-a; Uhlobo lwe-QX: qxl87; Umuthi wokugoma ongasebenzi uM41 nokunye.

Izifo zokuphefumula eziqhubekayo kanye nezifo zokuphefumula eziphindaphindiwe ziyizimbangela eziyinhloko zokutheleleka kwe-IB. Lezi zifo ezimbili zenza umgudu wokuphefumula wezinkukhu ulimele ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Njengoba sonke sazi, ukuvikelwa kwe-IB ikakhulukazi kuncike ku-antibody ye-mucosal, futhi umzila oyinhloko wokutheleleka uhlelo lokuphefumula. Ukulimala kwe-mucosal okuqhubekayo noma okuphindaphindiwe kubangela ukwehla kwezinga lokuvikela amasosha omzimba lomgomo we-IB owenziwe ngesikhathi sezinkukhu nesikhathi sokuzala, okuholela ekuthelelekeni kwe-IBV.

Ikakhulukazi, izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu zalesi sifo yizinkukhu ezincane zenkukhu ezihlala zingena enkukhu, okungezona zonke ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwenkukhu, ezingenalutho futhi ezingenalutho lapho imakethe inhle, amapulazi e-polyculture ehlukene. amaqembu ezinkukhu ezineminyaka yobudala, kanye namapulazi okuzalanisa asanda kusetshenziswa anezinga eliphezulu lokuzishintshanisa.

Ngakho-ke yini ebangela izifo zokuphefumula eziqhubekayo kanye nezifo zokuphefumula eziphindaphindiwe ngesikhathi sokuzala kanye nesikhathi sokukhula? Ziyini izimpawu nokuthi ungazinqanda kanjani?

Okokuqala, umoya obandayo ukucindezeleka

Imbangela yesifo

Ukungena komoya okweqile, inkinga yesilawuli sezinga lokushisa, indawo yokungena komoya eseduze kakhulu nenkukhu, inani lokucindezela elingalungile alanele, isiqondiso somoya sibuyele emuva, indlu yenkukhu ayivalwanga ngokuqinile, kunomoya wesela, njll.

Izimpawu zomtholampilo

Ngokuphazima kweso isimo sengqondo sezinkukhu saqala ukuba sibi, ukudla kwansuku zonke kwancipha, amanzi okuphuza ancipha, intamo yazo yabuna, izimpaphe zabo zazimahhadlahhadla futhi zaphazamiseka, kwacaca umsele owodwa noma womabili, zathimula futhi zakhwehlela. auscultation ebusuku. Uma kungenjalo ukuvimbela nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, kuyoba ukutheleleka kwesibili namanye amagciwane.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula

Khetha isikhathi sokushisa okuphansi kakhulu osukwini, uzwe izinga lokushisa lishintsha eduze kwezinkukhu ezigulayo, bheka umthombo womoya obandayo, thola imbangela, futhi uyixazulule kahle.

Uma izinga lezigameko lingaphansi kwe-1% yabantu, izinkukhu zizolulama ngokwemvelo ngemva kokulungisa umoya. Uma itholakala kamuva futhi izinga lesigameko lingaphezu kwe-1% yabantu, kufanele sithathe i-tylosin, i-doxycycline, i-Shuanghuanglian nezinye izidakamizwa zokuvimbela nokwelashwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zesifo.

Okwesibili, umoya omncane, i-ammonia namanye amagesi ayingozi adlula izinga

Imbangela yesifo

Ukuze ufudumale, izinga lokushintshaniswa komoya lincane kakhulu, futhi igesi eyingozi ku-henhouse ayikhishwa ngesikhathi. Ukwengeza, ukuvubela okungavamile komquba wezinkukhu okubangelwa ukuzikhulula ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokuvuza kwamanzi ingono yokuphuza nakho kuyisizathu salesi sifo.

Izimpawu zomtholampilo

Amehlo ezinkukhu ayekhubazekile, elele futhi enama-lacrimal, futhi amajwabu amehlo ayebomvu futhi avuvuke, ikakhulukazi ungqimba olungaphezulu noma i-exhaust outlet. Izinkukhu ezimbalwa zakhwehlela futhi zahona. Uma abantu behamba, izinkukhu zithanda ukucambalala. Lapho abantu beza, izinkukhu zisesimweni esingcono ngokwengqondo. Alukho ushintsho olusobala ekuphakeleni nasekuphuzeni amanzi.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula

Ngokwezinga eliphansi lesilinganiso sokuphefumula, izinga lokungena komoya linqunyiwe. Lapho ukulondolozwa kokushisa kanye nokungqubuzana kwesilinganiso sokuphefumula esincane, ukulondolozwa kokushisa akuzange kuzitshwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga elincane lokuphefumula.

Ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokushisa lendlu yenkukhu, kufanele sicabangele ukugcinwa komoya nokushisa kwendlu yenkukhu. Ukushintshwa ngesikhathi kwezingono ezivuzayo, ukulungiswa ngesikhathi kobude bomugqa wamanzi, ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwamanzi ngenxa yokuthinta inkukhu.

Hlanza indle yenkukhu ngesikhathi ukuze uvimbele igesi eyingozi ekhiqizwa ukuvutshelwa kwendle.

Okwesithathu, ingcindezi embi, i-hypoxia

Imbangela yesifo

I-henhouse evaliwe inomthamo omkhulu wokukhipha umoya kanye ne-air inlet encane, okwenza ukucindezela okungalungile kwe-henhouse kudlule izinga isikhathi eside futhi izinkukhu ziswele umoya-mpilo isikhathi eside.

Izimpawu zomtholampilo

Kwakungekho ukusebenza okungavamile ezinkukhuni. Izinkukhu ezengeziwe zahlulelwa ukuphefumula ebusuku, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa. Isibalo sezinkukhu ezifile sanda. Ukuminyana kanye ne-necrosis kwenzeka ephashini elilodwa lezinkukhu ezifile. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuvinjelwa kukashizi kwenzeka ku-trachea ne-bronchus.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula

Ingcindezi engemihle ingalungiswa ibe ibanga elifanelekile ngokusebenzisa isiguquli sefrikhwensi ukuze kuncishiswe umthamo womoya wokuqeda wefeni noma ukukhulisa indawo yokungena komoya. Izinkukhu ezinesifo esibucayi zalashwa nge-doxycycline ne-neomycin.

Okwesine, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomswakama ophansi

Imbangela yesifo

Ngenxa yokucaciswa kwesakhiwo se-anatomical yesistimu yokuphefumula yezinkukhu, ngaphezu kokushintshaniswa kwe-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide, ukuphefumula kwezinkukhu nakho kwenza umsebenzi oyinhloko wokukhipha ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, endaweni yokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama ophansi, uhlelo lokuphefumula lwezinkukhu luphuthuma kakhulu, futhi i-mucosa yepheshana lokuphefumula isengozini yokulimala, okuholela ekuveleni kwezifo zokuphefumula.

Izimpawu zomtholampilo

Izinkukhu zikhombise ukuphelelwa umoya, ukunwetshwa kwentamo, ukuvuleka komlomo, ukunikina ikhanda nezinye izimpawu. Ebusuku, izinkukhu zazikhwehlela, zikhala, zihona kanye neminye imisindo yokuphefumula. Uqhoqhoqho wezinkukhu ezifile wawuminyene, futhi uqhoqhoqho kanye ne-bronchus embolism kwenzeka kwezinye izinkukhu.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula

Lapho izinga lokushisa lifanelekile, qaphela ukwandisa umswakama emoyeni we-henhouse, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzala, umswakama ofanele ungenye yezimo ezidingekayo zempilo yezinkukhu. Ama-antibiotics azwelayo afana ne-enrofloxacin, i-doxycycline kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane e-expectorant yokuvimbela nokwelashwa.

Okwesihlanu, isimo senhlanzeko endlini yezinkukhu sibi, futhi uthuli ludlula izinga ngokungathí sina

Imbangela yesifo

Ebusika, umthamo womoya ophumayo wendlu yezinkukhu uba mncane, indlu yezinkukhu ayihlanzekile, futhi uthuli olusemoyeni ludlula kakhulu izinga.

Izimpawu zomtholampilo

Izinkukhu ziyathimula, zikhwehlele futhi zihone kakhulu. Ngemva kokungena endlini yezinkukhu, ubona uthuli luntanta emoyeni. Emizuzwini embalwa kamuva, izingubo nezinwele zabantu konke kuwuthuli olumhlophe. Izifo zokuphefumula zezinkukhu azelapheki isikhathi eside.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula

Lapho izinga lokushisa livunyelwe, umthamo womoya wokukhipha kufanele ukhuliswe ukuze ukhiphe uthuli oluvela ku-henhouse. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanzwa okufika ngesikhathi kwendlu yezinkukhu, umswakama kanye nokunciphisa uthuli kuyizindlela ezinhle zokususa uthuli. Kunzima nge-tylosin, i-Shuanghuanglian nokunye ukuvimbela nokwelashwa.