Enye yezinkinga ezivamile mayelana nemihlambi yasemuva ihlobene nezinhlelo zokudla ezimpofu noma ezinganele ezingaholela ekuntulekeni kwamavithamini namaminerali ezinyoni. Amavithamini namaminerali ayizingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zokudla kwenkukhu futhi ngaphandle uma ukudla okuhlanganisiwe kuwukudla, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokushoda.

Izinkukhu zidinga wonke amavithamini aziwayo ngaphandle kuka-C. Amanye amavithamini ancibilika emafutheni, kanti amanye ancibilika emanzini. Ezinye zezimpawu zokuntuleka kwamavithamini yilezi:
Amavithamini Ancibilikayo Amafutha
I-Vitamin A Ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda, ubuthakathaka kanye nokuntuleka kokukhula
I-Vitamin D Amaqanda anamagobolondo azacile, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ancishisiwe, ukukhula kancane, ama-rickets
I-Vitamin E I-Hocks Enwetshiwe, i-encephalomalacia (isifo samaphuphu esihlanya)
Vitamin K Ukujiya kwegazi isikhathi eside, ukopha emithanjeni
 
Amavithamini Ancibilikayo Amanzi
I-Thiamine (B1) Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla nokufa
I-Riboflavin (B2) Ukukhubazeka kwezinzwane ezigobile, ukukhula okungekuhle kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okungekuhle
I-Pantothenic Acid Dermatitis kanye nezilonda emlonyeni nasezinyaweni
I-Niacin Imilenze ekhotheme, ukuvuvukala kolimi nomlomo womlomo
I-Choline Ukukhula okungalungile, isibindi esinamafutha, ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda
I-Vitamin B12 I-anemia, ukukhula okubi, ukufa kwe-embryonic
I-Folic Acid Ukukhula okungekuhle, i-anemia, ukungabibikho kahle kwezimpaphe kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda
I-Biotin Dermatitis ezinyaweni naseduze kwamehlo noqhwaku
Amaminerali nawo abalulekile empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yezinkukhu. Okulandelayo amanye amaminerali abalulekile kanye nezimpawu zokushoda kwezimbiwa:
Amaminerali
I-Calcium Ikhwalithi yegobolondo leqanda elibi kanye nokuchanyuselwa okubi, ama-rickets
I-Phosphorus Rickets, izinga eliphansi legobolondo lamaqanda kanye nokuchanyuselwa
Magnesium Ukufa okungazelelwe
I-Manganese Perosis, ukuchanyuselwa okuncane
I-Iron Anemia
I-Anemia yethusi
I-Iodine Goitre
I-Zinc Izimpaphe ezingezinhle, amathambo amafushane
Cobalt Ukukhula kancane, ukufa, ukunciphisa ukuchanyuselwa
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla, ukushoda kwamavithamini namaminerali kungadala izinkinga eziningi zempilo ezinkukhwini ezihlanganisa nokufa kwezinye izimo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuntula ukudla okunomsoco, noma lapho izimpawu zokuntula ziphawulwa, kufanele kusetshenziswe ukudla okunomsoco wenkukhu ngamavithamini namaminerali adingekayo.